Original title: This is one of the most moving and real moments of human beings, and it's worth remembering again and again. This week, the American media has been writing about a great woman, Rosa Parks. Even Trump changed his usual style and sent a serious video speech on Twitter, praising her courage. Who's Rosa Parks? She used to be an ordinary black seamstress in Montgomery, Alabama. On December 1, 1955, Rosa Parks, 42, went to Cleveland Avenue to take the bus home after work as usual. Because there were many passengers on the bus, the driver asked her to leave her seat after one stop and give it to the white man who got on the bus later. What happened after that is now forever frozen in one of the most moving, memorable and cinematic moments in human history: Rosa Parks refused the driver's unreasonable request and said No softly. Rosa Parks's action ignited the fuse of equal rights for black Americans. December 1, 1955 was regarded as the beginning of the civil rights movement, and Rosa Parks was called the mother of the civil rights movement. Her name is almost a household name in the United States, ranking high in the list of the most influential American women, and her story has been written into textbooks and history books, made into movies and television, and told year after year. Rosa Parks, of course, was a worthy hero, but when she said No, she didn't have any ambition to be a hero. She simply endured injustice for too long, tired of it, and didn't want to endure it any more. Most of the heroes in real life are actually like Rosa Parks, ordinary people like you and me, but at a certain moment, the blood rushes to their brains and they don't care about anything. Expand the full text ➊ Let me restore the situation at that time. As we all know, the United States was still segregated at that time, and the situation in the North was better, but in most southern States, the discrimination against minorities was very serious, especially in Alabama. And these discriminatory policies are backed up by laws called Jim Crow laws. The Jim Crow laws were not one law, but a series of segregation laws in every state in the United States. Each state has different laws, but the general principle is the same, that is, public facilities must be mandatory to separate white and colored people-please note that in many cases, it is not only black people who are separated, but all colored people, including Mongolians, Malays and so on. Not only transportation, but also schools,custom tape measure, prisons, toilets, theatres, barbershops, parks, stadiums, all have to be isolated, even mental hospitals. If a restaurant wanted to serve black customers, it had to be divided into two sections by a screen; it was illegal for a black person to walk into a restaurant without a screen. Alabama, North Carolina, Mississippi, Georgia, Louisiana.. Every southern state has a fascist law like this. What is even more absurd is that these laws, which are full of discrimination, are under the banner of equality. Their logic is that although they are segregated,bespoken tape measure, blacks have black areas and whites have white areas, and different races receive the same facilities and treatment. Therefore, they do not violate the principle of equal protection of the law for all people in the Constitution of the United States. Imagine if you were a black man living in the American South in 1950, and you were subjected to such discrimination every moment you stepped out of your house. You may feel bad, but you may also feel lucky. A few decades further back in history, in the early 20th century, there was still widespread lynching in the south of the United States, where blacks who committed crimes, sometimes even suspected of committing crimes, were hanged or burned alive in public by angry white crowds. At that time, there were more than 4,000 recorded cases of lynching, and there may be more that were not recorded, and none of the perpetrators were punished. Jim Crow laws claimed to protect equality, while lynching claimed to uphold justice for heaven. There are still a lot of photos on the Internet, and you can see that the onlookers seem to be attending a garden party, looking calm and even smiling. At that time, these photos were made into postcards for people to collect, mail and share-one of the darkest periods in American history, bearing in mind that even the Nazis did not make souvenirs of concentration camps. Such systematic discrimination, such large-scale and widespread atrocities, took place just 60 years ago, 100 years ago. Looking back now, it really makes people sigh infinitely. I don't know whether to lament the rapid progress of human society in the past 100 years or the cruelty and barbarism of human nature. ➋ Now, you can probably imagine how many heavy memories of humiliation and terror Rosa Parks carried on her shoulders when she boarded the bus on that winter evening in 1955. In addition to such collective memories, I think Rosa Parks must also have many more painful and real personal memories, which came from the humiliation and threats she suffered personally. At that time, the front rows of the bus were reserved for white people, seamstress measuring tape ,personalized tape measure, and the back rows were reserved for black people. Black passengers had to put in a coin at the front door, get off, and get on through the back door. Sometimes narrow white drivers will quickly close the door and drive away after the black passengers get off with coins, so as not to let the black people get on. Rosa Parks was once teased in this way. It was a rainy night 12 years ago. After she got off the bus after putting in coins, the bus went away and splashed her with sewage. After that, she vowed that she would never take the driver's car again. Every time she got on the bus, she would confirm that if it was the driver, she would rather wait for the next bus. But on December 1, 1955, before she got on the bus, she neglected to pay attention to the driver's appearance as usual. Instead of sitting in the white section, she sat in the back row of the white section, which, according to convention, allowed blacks to sit only when the white section was not full, and once the white area was full, the row had to be given to other whites. One stop later, white passengers got on the train. The driver came over and asked the passengers in the row to get up and give up their seats. Rosa Parks saw that the driver was the man who had played a trick on her 12 years ago. The other three Negroes rose obediently, and Rosa Parks might have done the same as usual. But on that day, at that moment, the memories of 12 years ago came to her mind, and the memories of personal and group humiliation were mixed together, which made her suddenly not want to endure the fate of being discriminated against day after day. The driver asked her, "Will you stand up and give up your seat?" "No," she said calmly but firmly. The driver said, "Then I'll have to let the police catch you." Rosa Parks said, "Whatever." In her biography, Rosa Parks explains her thinking this way: "a lot of people say I don't want to give up my seat because I'm too tired, but that's not the case.". I'm not tired at all, or at least not as tired as I usually am at the end of the day. And I wasn't old. I was only 42. I'm just tired, tired of giving in. The exact words were: People always say that I didn't give up my seat because I was tired, but that isn't true.. The only tired I was, was tired of giving in. Later, when I first saw the photos of Rosa Parks fingerprinting and holding the prisoner's number plate at the police station, I immediately understood what she meant-you could see that her eyes were firm, her expression was calm, and she was not afraid or frightened. That little bit of determination to sacrifice her life for justice and face death unflinchingly is probably because she is tired of endless submission. ➌ The arrest of Rosa Parks aroused the anger in the hearts of those who had already had enough of bullying. The National Association for the Advancement of Colored People (NAACP) bailed her out, and under the leadership of Martin Luther King, led a bus strike in Montgomery, and people of conscience across the country organized in support of them. An inadvertent act by Rosa Parks accidentally ignited the fuse of the whole civil rights movement. I have to lament the unity of the black people at that time. For more than a year, they insisted on not taking buses and choosing to walk or ride bicycles wherever they went. The NAACP also used church and private cars as an alternative to buses to pick up black passengers at a fixed time and place every day. They also set up a special traffic dispatch center to delimit route stations and make carpooling plans. The black population in Montgomery occupies the overwhelming majority, and the income and social status are very low, originally is the main passenger of the bus. Their boycott has cost bus companies dearly, leaving many routes almost empty. More seriously, because black people are mainly engaged in service work, many white people need these nannies and servants to help wash clothes, do housework and take care of children, so after the black boycott of buses, white people's lives have also been affected. A year later, a federal district court ruled that segregating passengers on buses was unconstitutional. Alabama appealed, but the Supreme Court upheld the ruling. On December 20, 1956, the Supreme Court's judgment document was served, and the 381-day bus strike movement ended successfully. That day, Rosa Parks boarded the same bus again, sitting in the seat she refused to give up a year ago, and a journalist took this precious picture. Everything since then is a vast and mighty history. In 1963, Kennedy presided over the drafting of the Civil Rights Act, which banned discrimination in public places and authorized the U.S. Attorney General to sue state governments for racial discrimination in the educational system. In 1964, the Civil Rights Act was finally passed by Congress, and LBJ, who succeeded Kennedy as President after his assassination, signed the bill, and the Civil Rights Movement won a decisive victory. Of course, in the intervening decades, there have been countless struggles, countless bloodshed and the cost of life (Martin Luther King was assassinated, Rosa Parks was fired by the company under pretext, had to move to another city to make a living, and received many death threats). There are also countless thrilling moments, including the famous incident of blocking the school gate in 1963. In order to prevent two black students from reporting to the University of Alabama, the governor of Alabama ran to the school gate and confronted the Federal Marshal and the Deputy Attorney General. That evening, Kennedy made a tit-for-tat national television speech, demanding that every citizen be guaranteed equal rights. Forrest Gump also has this image. There are so many wonderful stories that I will not list them here. ➍ When Rosa Parks died in 2005, Condoleezza Rice, also from Alabama and the first black woman to serve as secretary of state, said, "Without her, I would not be here today as secretary of state." On December 1, 2015, the 60th anniversary of Rosa Parks' refusal to give up her seat, then-President Barack Obama boarded the 2857 bus that has been collected in the museum and sat in the seat she refused to give up. Without Rosa Parks, Obama would not be today's Obama. If you are interested in this kind of history, you can also watch the Hollywood movie "Selma" in 2014, which is about Martin Luther King's March in Selma, another small city in Alabama. Oprah Winfrey makes a cameo appearance in the film-without Rosa Parks, Oprah would not have a chance to be the Oprah she is today. All of this came from Rosa Parks's gentle No on the evening of December 1,personalised tailor tape, 1955, from her sudden thought, "I'm just tired of giving in.". Return to Sohu to see more Responsible Editor:. tape-measure.com